A new species, Lomankus Edgecombei, sheds light on arthropod evolution with its stunning 3D preservation.

A remarkable discovery has been made in the realm of palaeontology, as a 450-million-year-old fossil of an ancient spider relative has been uncovered, brilliantly preserved in fool’s gold. This significant find, led by a research team from the University of Oxford, showcases the intricate details of an extinct species that belongs to the megacheiran group, a category of arthropods known for their unique, modified front leg used for prey capture.

The newly identified species, named Lomankus edgecombei, pays homage to arthropod expert Greg Edgecombe from the Natural History Museum in London. This fossil was located at the renowned Beecher’s Trilobite Bed in New York State, a geological site famous for its rich array of exceptionally well-preserved fossils. The environment in which these ancient creatures lived was characterised by low oxygen levels, creating ideal conditions for fossilisation.

The fossil’s striking golden hue is due to iron pyrite—commonly referred to as fool’s gold—replacing parts of the creature’s body after burial, resulting in a stunning 3D representation. Associate Professor Luke Parry, who led the research, remarked on the preservation quality, stating, “They look as if they could just get up and scuttle away.” He described the fossils as “spectacularly preserved,” highlighting their aesthetic appeal and scientific importance.

The significance of Lomankus edgecombei extends beyond its visual allure. This discovery provides valuable insights into the evolutionary development of arthropod head structures, which include the antennae found in insects and crustaceans, as well as the pincers and fangs characteristic of spiders and scorpions. Unlike other members of the megacheiran group, Lomankus edgecombei possesses flexible, whip-like appendages, suggesting that it utilised these structures for environmental sensing rather than for capturing prey.

Professor Parry elaborated on the adaptability of the species, likening its highly flexible head and appendages to a “biological Swiss army knife.” This adaptability enabled it to navigate the challenges of its environment, revealing the evolutionary paths taken by arthropods over millions of years.The discovery of Lomankus edgecombei not only enriches our understanding of ancient ecosystems but also sheds light on the evolutionary history of a major group of animals that continue to thrive today. As research continues, fossils like these will further illuminate the complex tapestry of life on Earth during the Paleozoic era.