Doctors urge caution amid UK tripled emic of COVID-19, flu, and RSV risks for vulnerable populations

As the UK braces for the colder months, healthcare officials have sounded the alarm over a potential ‘tripledemic,’ with three respiratory viruses—COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—spreading concurrently. The NHS has begun its vaccination campaign for vulnerable groups, targeting older adults, care home residents, and those with pre-existing health conditions.

GP Dr. Chun Tang explains that the term ‘tripledemic’ refers to outbreaks of these three viruses, all of which share similar symptoms like fever, cough, and fatigue, making it difficult to distinguish between them. However, there are subtle differences. COVID-19 is more likely to cause a loss of taste or smell and breathing issues. RSV, often affecting infants, can lead to wheezing, while the flu tends to strike suddenly with high fever and body aches.

The concern now lies in the simultaneous spread of these viruses, which threatens to overwhelm the already-stressed NHS. Vulnerable groups—including young children, the elderly, and those with underlying conditions like asthma or diabetes—are particularly at risk. Babies under one year old, especially those born prematurely, are more susceptible to severe RSV, while older adults may face complications from the flu and COVID-19.

Tang stresses that individuals can contract more than one virus at a time, which increases the severity of symptoms and complicates recovery. He advises seeking medical attention if symptoms worsen, particularly in cases involving trouble breathing, high fever, confusion, or chest pain. For infants, parents should be on the lookout for difficulty breathing, dehydration, or extreme lethargy.

Though there are antiviral medications for flu and COVID-19, they work best when administered early. RSV treatment typically involves supportive care like fluids and rest, but severe cases, especially in infants, may require hospitalisation. Preventative measures are crucial, with flu, COVID-19, and newly-approved RSV vaccines available.

Eligible individuals can book vaccines through the NHS website, app, or by calling 119. Practising good hygiene, such as regular hand washing and wearing masks in crowded areas, remains an important defence. Vitamin D supplements may also help boost immunity, especially in older adults who are at higher risk of deficiency during the winter months.

With rising concerns over a drop in flu vaccine uptake—responsible for at least 18,000 deaths over the past two years—health experts urge the public to take precautions and keep up to date with vaccinations.