Russia leverages historical ties and strategic alliances to reshape its role in the Middle East, avoiding direct involvement in the Gaza conflict

Russian foreign policy has undergone a significant transformation, particularly in the Middle East, where Moscow has strategically increased its presence as a stabilizing force. This manoeuvring follows decades of limited engagement after the Soviet Union’s collapse. As the US recedes from the region, Russia sees an opportunity to fill the void, enhancing its influence without directly engaging in the Gaza war.

Russia’s re-engagement in the Middle East extends beyond its traditional alliances with Iran and Syria. It includes broader economic and commercial cooperation, arms exports, and initiatives to export nuclear technology to various countries like Egypt and the Gulf states. The Wagner Group’s involvement in Libya and Sudan underscores Russia’s approach of using private military companies to assert its influence without direct state engagement.

The shifting dynamics in the Middle East are partly due to America’s reduced military footprint, driven by a strategic reevaluation after costly wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This recalibration has allowed Russia to present itself as a capable ally to Middle Eastern countries, offering military and security assistance without the stringent conditions often associated with US aid.

Interestingly, Russia’s Middle Eastern policy includes maintaining robust relations with both Israel and Iran, showcasing Moscow’s diplomatic agility. Despite its close ties with Syria and Iran, Russia has managed to avoid antagonizing Israel, balancing its regional interests carefully.

Russian influence in the Middle East is not just limited to military and political arenas. Moscow has actively sought to shape the energy policies of the region, collaborating with Gulf countries to stabilize oil prices, a vital interest for oil-dependent economies. This cooperation extends to nuclear energy, with Russia entering agreements to build nuclear reactors in Egypt and Algeria.

Despite its increased engagement and influence, Russia has cautiously avoided involvement in the Israeli offensive in Gaza. Instead, it has opted for diplomatic efforts, such as pushing for a ceasefire in the UN Security Council and facilitating discussions among Palestinian factions. This strategy highlights Russia’s preference for a multi-faceted approach that avoids direct military conflict while strengthening its diplomatic and strategic position.